Let's imagine we have a node with field category and we want to create a link in the view and pass a category in the request ?field_category=1. Unfortunately, it will not like this by default. Fortunately, we have a solution! We need a module prepopulated and pass a parameter a special way:

1) For entity reference fields

http://yourdoamain.com/node/add/page?edit[field_category][widget][0][target_id]=1

2) Normal fields

http://yourdoamain.com/node/add/page?edit[field_body][widget][0][value]=Something